Which Jobs Will AI Replace?

Discussions over whether “robots” will replace people have increased since the introduction of sophisticated AI tools like ChatGPT and Google’s Bard, and studies indicate that some jobs—surprisingly, some traditionally white-collar work—may be significantly impacted.

Primary Data

Since the public release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, generative AI—a type of artificial intelligence that can produce text or other content in response to user prompts—has quickly grown in popularity.

Since its November 2022 release, users have used the AI chatbot ChatGPT for a variety of tasks, including as creating programming and producing college-level essays. ​​

Once Google introduced Bard on March 21, a rival to ChatGPT and a separate entity from the company’s Google search engine, the AI competition picked up steam.

Over 300 million jobs, or 18% of employment worldwide, could be automated, according to a new Goldman Sachs analysis, with more developed countries being severely impacted than emerging markets.

Two-thirds of U.S. and European jobs “are subject to some degree of AI automation,” according to the paper, and about a quarter of all jobs may be totally carried out by AI.

The most likely group to be impacted by workforce automation, according to researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and OpenAI, are some educated white-collar workers making up to $80,000 per year.

Jobs in the information processing industries, like as IT, are the most exposed to generative AI, while those in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are the least exposed. This is because those occupations require “programming and writing skills,” which are more closely tied to GPT’s capabilities.

Generative AI isn’t flawless; OpenAI and Google both acknowledge that their software occasionally responds incorrectly and has other problems, such as ChatGPT’s knowledge base’s expiration in 2021 and Bard’s low conversation retention.

The Jobs Most Affected

Finance and banking: Banks have already started using AI in their operational strategies. According to the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance and the World Economic Forum, 56% of banks say they have integrated technology into areas of their operations like management and 52% say they have utilized it to generate money. According to Senior Vice President of Capital One Abhijit Bose, AI may “watch transactions” to provide in-depth financial guidance on saving and spending.

In order to better organize its wealth management database and make it easier for    advisors to access information and conduct research, Morgan Stanley has started deploying chatbots powered by OpenAI. The World Economic Forum forecasts that AI will impact the finance industry in three ways: by reducing jobs, creating jobs, and improving efficiency. Additionally, they predict that AI will replace 23% of positions in China’s banking industry by 2027.

Media and marketing: According to Natural Sciences head scientist Kristian Hammond, 90% of news will be written by machines. In advance of earnings announcements, Natural Sciences’ Quill software, an AI paraphrase tool, prepares corporate reports. Axel Springer, a German publisher, said in February that it had ambitions to go digital only, which involved eliminating jobs in favour of automation and “advanced technology.

The usage of ChatGPT by journalists for a variety of media publications, including Business Insider, CNET, and CNBC, has drawn criticism for the stories’ frequent use of misleading information. BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti stated in January that the company would rely on ChatGPT to enhance quizzes and tailor content. According to Salesforce study, 84% of marketers reported utilizing AI in 2020, a significant increase from 29% in 2019. According to the survey, high-performing marketing teams used AI and machine learning on average seven different ways in 2020, and more than half of them intended to use it more often in 2021.

Legal services: A lawyer used ChatGPT to publish a 14-page legal document in Social Science Research Network on a variety of topics, including drafting a contract, justifying the Supreme Court’s ruling on same-sex marriage, and inventing deposition questions. According to Andrew Perlman, the paper’s author and dean of Suffolk University Law School, the AI bot has the ability “to solve access to justice concerns” and provide legal services to individuals who cannot afford them.

According to a research released in 2022 by Legal Services Corp., low-income Americans receive insufficient or no legal assistance for 92% of their civil legal issues. Some have already started integrating AI into legal services, such as the business Lawgeex, which offers a service that scans contracts more quickly and accurately than humans.

Jobs Least Impacted

Manufacturing and factory workers: Since the launch of UNIMATE in 1961, this industry has been experiencing automation. General Motors is recognized as the first significant manufacturer to integrate robotics into their assembly lines. Generative AI, though, might hasten the procedure. For instance, Elon Musk presented the Tesla Bot, also known as Optimus, a self-driving android designed to take the place of people in monotonous, hazardous professions. These bots will initially be deployed in Musk’s Tesla plants before being made available to millions of people worldwide. A survey from MIT and Boston University predicts that by 2025, AI might replace up to two million people in the manufacturing industry.

Our data demonstrate that robots boost productivity, according to the researchers. 90% of the workers in a Chinese factory in Dongguan City were replaced by machines, which led to a 250% increase in productivity and an 80% decrease in faults. According to the business, a task that formerly required 650 human workers may now be finished with 60 robots and 60 humans.
Healthcare: According to a research in the International Journal of Health Services, internists and general practitioners spend the most time (17.3%) on paperwork, followed by psychiatrists at 20.3%. This kind of routine administrative work can be automated, but AI won’t likely be required in other fields. According to David Dranove, a professor at Northwestern University’s Kellogg Center, most adults prefer to talk to a human about their health because “AI is unable to contribute.”
According to a survey from Oxford University, the positions in the industry most likely to be automated include medical transcriptionists, medical records, medical secretaries, and health information technologists, not real clinicians. This also applies to mental health; the Washington Post attempted to develop an AI replica of renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud but was unsuccessful.
Agriculture: The food and agriculture sectors employed 21.1 million people full- and part-time in 2021, accounting for 10.5% of all jobs, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. One of the oldest occupations in the world, agriculture has endured the test of time and four different industrial revolutions. The Washington Post reports that while larger farms have already started automating labor-intensive chores, many small farms don’t generate enough profit to buy new machinery.
Family farms account for 98% of all farms in the United States, with the majority being small family farms that manage nearly half of the nation’s agricultural land. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture does, however, support AI research, instruction, and extension initiatives in the fields of rural communities, natural resources, and the environment.

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